Built:
Demolished
photo:
Place Making
(to include)
:
The act of Place Making describes the essential practice
to appropriate the built environment people live in. The
Place Making derives from the precedent definition of
“placemaking”, which is a versatile approach to planning,
designing, and managing the public space and finds its roots in
the writings of Jane Jacobs 1960s.
Here, Place Making deploys the precedent definition in
its practice but expands the context of the urban raum by
applying the practice to specific buildings or sites.
Therefore, Place Making is driven by the local
community’s assets, inspirations, and potential to argue and
discuss heritage value.
The role of the generations unfolds in the civic spaces and is elucidated by the political events that shape the storyline and are identified as important places by the speakers.
Click here to learn more about Generations.
Generations
The role of the generations unfolds in the civic spaces and is elucidated by the political events that shape the storyline and are identified as important places by the speakers. These significant political events are for the second generation are:
First Generation
The role of the generations unfolds in the civic spaces and is elucidated by the political events that shape the storyline and are identified as important places by the speakers. These significant political events are for the second generation are:
1947
Pinlon
Agreement
The lost political heritage, the Pinlon Agreement
One milestone is the Pinlon Agreement of 1947, and it is the
embodiment of the momentum in the history of Myanmar to
consolidate democratic structures and peace in the multi-ethnic
country of Myanmar. The Agreement is a constant reminder of the
outstanding achievements of the political legacy. This day was
celebrated on 12th February as “Union Day”.
After World War II, General Aung San, a former student at the
Rangoon University and Student union leader, led the Burma
delegation to London to negotiate the country’s Independence
from Britain. The resulting Agreement was signed on 27th January
1947. This document shows the will of a peaceful and pluralistic
state for the first time and last time and appeals to give each
cultural group their sovereignty within a federal state. There
is considerable mythology surrounding the Pinlon Agreement and
its importance to never forget about this Agreement, which is
law binding but neglected by the Military.
1948
Independence
On 4 January 1948 at 4.20 am, the nation became an independent
republic, named the Union of Burma with Sao Shwe Thaik as its
first president.
Numerological constallation will become throughout Myanmar
historic events important remarks.
Burma Independent Army.
Eight years before the Independence, in 1940, General Aung San
established the “ Burma Indepedent Army” which in the
development of hisotry would turn its back against the people of
Myanmar. Unfortunaelty the spirit of freedom that drove the
“Burma Independent Army” would be poised by tyranny in the
following years of the Military coup in 1962 and decades of
military dicatorship .In the years before the Independence
former student leader and founder of the army would be the
diplomat to negotiate with the Colonizers about a the
independence.
Second Generation
The role of the generations unfolds in the civic spaces and is elucidated by the political events that shape the storyline and are identified as important places by the speakers. These significant political events are for the second generation are:
1962
Coup d’état
Officially, General Ne Win justified the coup d’etat as an
essential step to safeguard the unity of the county because of
ongoing negotiations between the central government in Rangoon
and leaders of the Shan State who threatened secession from the
Union of Burma.
About 5,000 students attended to protest the military regime of
General Ne Win. The detonation of the RUSU (p. 58) was the begin
of the student suppression. To de-politicisation of the
universities, Accordingly, and in the light of thirteen
university shutdowns between 1962 and 1999, Fink contends that
“the primary focus in the development of the university system
has been the containment of student activism” In that series
about 13 schools have been closed during the time from 1962-
1990 .
In the aftermath of the violent crackdown on the student
protests, the Government of Ne Win immediately closed all
universities for four months and sent all students home. Broad
institutional reforms introduced by the 1964 University
Education Act, then, brought Burma’s universities under strict
government control and profoundly hampered cohesive open student
activism in subsequent decades. In this respect, the result of
the 1962 Rangoon University protests ushered a new era of
underground student activism in which open mass student
involvement in national politics erupted only sporadically, most
prominently during the student protests of the mid-1970s and
during the 8888 Uprising in 1988.
Third Generation
The role of the generations unfolds in the civic spaces and is elucidated by the political events that shape the storyline and are identified as important places by the speakers. These significant political events are for the second generation are:
U Thant -
Crisis, 1974
This historic event dates back from 1st December 1974 when the
casket of U -Thant landed at Mingladon Airport and the final
conciliation agreeing to build a memorial place for the state
man in 1975. The memorial itself represents the site of an
important man. It displays the story about civilians fighting
for the respect of certain politicians who have not been
regarded as such by the Military regime.
Triggered by the Ne Win’s military government’s refusal to build
a memorial and tomb for the former UN General Secretary, the
late U Thant, students went on the barricades.
The Military Regime was going to bury U Thant’s body at Kyandaw
Cemetery (a commoners cemetry) and only later reluctantly agreed
to let the general public show their respect at the ground of
Kyaikasan Racing Ground.
The funeral casket was displayed on a stand, and the public was
to queue up in many long lines under a brightly shining sun to
give the last deserving respect to the famous son of our land.
Unfortunately, General Ne Win made a severe mistake on that
particular day. Ne Win banned the public from the ground and
allowed only the 3000 students from the Rangoon Institute of
Technology and the students from Rangoon Arts and Science
University, RASU. So the senior students took the rare
opportunity to stage the uprising.
Fourth Generation
The role of the generations unfolds in the civic spaces and is elucidated by the political events that shape the storyline and are identified as important places by the speakers. These significant political events are for the second generation are:
8888 Uprising , 08.08.1988
The 1988 uprising remains one of the defining moments of
Myanmar’s modern history. A regime that had used extreme levels
of violence to hold onto power suddenly faced massive protests
over its calamitous mishandling of the economy. By 1988 Myanmar
had been ruled for 26 years by the secretive and superstitious
General Ne Win, who seized power in a coup in 1962. He was
commander of the armed forces - known as the Tatmadaw - which
fought insurgencies in several parts of Burma since independence
in 1948 and viewed civilians as incapable of holding the country
together.
General Ne Win cut Burma off from the outside world, refusing to
take sides in the Cold War divisions and then afflicting Asia.
Instead, he implemented an eccentric one-party system under his
Burma Socialist Programme Party. The army played a dominant role
and led to Burma becoming one of the world’s poorest countries.
The political drama which culminated in the mass rallies of
August and September 1988 began one year earlier, with Ne Win’s
sudden decision to demonetise all existing banknotes. This had a
catastrophic economic impact, particularly on students who had
saved up their tuition fees.
It was also the first time Noble laureate Aung San Suu Kyi took
the public stage, delivered her first speech, and became the
leader of the democratic movement.
Fifth Generation
The role of the generations unfolds in the civic spaces and is elucidated by the political events that shape the storyline and are identified as important places by the speakers. These significant political events are for the second generation are:
Saffron Revolution
2007, due to increasing commodity prices , suffer of the
population, thousands of monks led the protest.
The regime instrumentalized Buddhism to create an identity that would fundamentally speak against the desired harmony of the diversity within Myanmar, and Buddhist nationalism was born. In its rhetoric and ideology, the narrative of Myanmar was changed to a group of people, the Burmese, who were set as superior. The junta’s security forces attempted to seal off as many monasteries and temples as possible with barricades and barbed wire to prevent the monks from sparking further demonstrations. The strategy has already succeeded around Burma’s national symbol, the Shwedagon, a giant golden pagoda in downtown Yangon. It shimmers in the soft dawn rays of the tropical sun, silent and utterly devoid of people. Barricades block the access roads to Burma’s holiest site in the areas surrounding the Shwedagon, where the pagoda rises on a hill surrounded by a tangle of markets and monasteries. Elite government troops are now positioned behind those barricades. The situation is similar at the Sule Pagoda about two kilometres away, in Yangon’s decaying business district, where heavy iron gates now block the doors to the temple complex’s prayer and congregation rooms. “We will fight until we have achieved democracy,” representatives of the All-Burma Monks Alliance, established in September, announced. The students have prepared their strategies well. They appear in groups of 2020 at a time, advancing toward Anawratha Street, a bustling commercial strip, where they occupy several intersections simultaneously. Then they confront the security forces in their defensive positions around the Sule Pagoda. Refusal of alms is one of the monks’ most powerful weapons against the regime.
Sixth Generation
The role of the generations unfolds in the civic spaces and is elucidated by the political events that shape the storyline and are identified as important places by the speakers. These significant political events are for the second generation are:
Golden Spring
2021
1st February 2021
Military Coup
The revolution from 2021, the so-called Golden Spring, the
second coup d’état after 1988, resulted from the election in
2020 when the NLD won sky rocking votes. It was clear that the
Military Regime would not have any chances to remain in their
dominant role.
he military coup took place on the1st of February 2021 to
prevent the NLD from further success. It seized control on 1
February 2021 following a general election in which Aung San Suu
Kyi’s NLD party won by a landslide.
It had backed the opposition, demanding a vote re-run, claiming
widespread fraud. The election commission said there was no
evidence to support these claims. Opposition activists have
formed the Campaign for Civil Disobedience (CDM) and have helped
organise strikes and mass protests against the coup. The
Military has put them down with live fire, water cannons and
rubber bullets. What started as civil disobedience has now
turned into a civil war across Myanmar. Local militias calling
themselves People’s Defence Forces, or PDFs, have attacked
military convoys and assassinated officials. The streetscape
seems to be the only rally place that has not been under the
control or radar of the military, and by the nature of the
street as urban circulation, the space to protest becomes vast.